Extending Voice Portals with Delicensed Citizen Band Radio Technology

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So in our last post, we laid out how to make a really cheap IVR based voice portal that links voice users to the web for under USD200
However, running a voice portal isn’t for everyone.


Where the voice portal model breaks

There is a cost of access
Since the voice portal uses a SIM card and most countries license out the spectrum to service providers, there is always a cost of access to be paid to the carrier.
For public services, this cost may be borne by the service provider, e.g. The Government runs several IVR based hotlines, that work on the toll free model.
For developmental activity based portals that have a focussed concern backing them, the cost of access may again be borne by the party with the vested interest in running the portal, in the form of a toll free number via a partnership with a telco or a missed call and callback system, where callers leave a missed call and the system calls them back, thereby putting the cost of access on the provider end

If a community was to set up a shared platform the cost of access may be borne by the users or by the community as a whole or some combination thereof, e.g. the community may pool resources to ensure a common minimum access to the system with additional access being charged per user, with the accumulated revenue being used as a corpus to ensure the common minimum
However, in all these cases, what is common is that the cost of access is being paid to a third party, i.e. the provider, who is not a direct stakeholder in the goals of the portal/platform

There’s a cost of infrastructure
The traditional understanding about voice portals is that a centralized infrastructure of telephony systems and internet servers is needed to run one.
This means that a tie up with an ISP and/or a telco is a basic requirement to set up a voice portal under most circumstances.

This is not an optimal situation either from the standpoint of risk or of sustainability.

From the point of view of risk, it represents a single point of failure i.e. should the provider choose to withdraw services for whatever reason, the platform would no longer be able to function

From the point of view of sustainability it represents a drain on the system i.e. resources are constantly draining from the system in order to sustain the system.

In order to remedy this the community can take one of two routes

Increase the stake of the provider in the community

This would potentially be possible for large affluent communities who can significantly influence the revenue stream of the provider. This approach can typically be taken by urban systems. The centralized toll free number model of voice portals follows this approach

By providing a channel for commercial communication, i.e. advertising to a large population with some purchasing power, a service provider can create a niche in the marketplace

 

Reduce the dependence on the provider

In the case of populations that do not have significant purchasing power, influencing the provider is not a feasible option

The recourse then is to reduce dependence on the provider by investing in low cost, locally implementable communications systems that use DELICENSED technology, i.e. technology that is freely available to everyone to use by law.

Just as classified information that loses its relevance over time is eventually declassified, licensed technology that has lived out its core earning potential is typically delicensed
While such technology may not be able to provide the richest experience to the user, with intelligent design it can provide very usable means of connecting to each other and to the information superhighway
We call this the “plenty of room at the bottom” phenomenon

What we’re working on
We have been hosting and maintaining a varying number of voice portals over the last three years.
We find that the ratio of contributors to listeners on our portals is roughly 1 to 9 i.e. 90 per cent of our callers are just listening
Since most of our userbase is composed of people who earn less than a dollar a day, the service is fully subsidised through grants that pay for the callbacks to users who simply have to leave a missed call
If we were able to have our listeners listen in without a per access cost, we could theoretically reduce our burn rate to a 10th i.e. the money that would last us 1 year under present conditions would then last us for 10 years allowing us to run the service for much longer
To this end we have been searching for an appropriate delicensed medium that can allow many users to listen simultaneously to the content being released on the IVR channel, without an incremental cost of access
We found a very strong candidate for a solution in Citizen Band Radio
Citizen Band radio is a pre-cellphone era technology, used by truckers on long haul routes in the US, to be able to stay in touch while on roads away from telephone networks.
In India, the use of CB Radio is delicensed as explained by these two documents
WPC Notification on CB Radio Delicensing
  • Use of wireless equipment in the band 26.957 – 27.283 MHz.- Notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force, no licence shall be required by any person to establish, maintain, work, possess or deal in any wireless equipment intended to be used while in motion or during halts, on non-interference, non-protection and shared (non-exclusive) basis, in the frequency band 26.957 – 27.283 MHz with 5 Watt Effective Radiated Power and built-in antenna

WPC Remarks in the National Frequency Allocation Table

Frequency (kHz) Type of Purpose
26964, 26972, 27036, 27124 Personal Communication Relating to Hobbies
27250, 27260 Radio Controlled Toys/low power electric gadgets
27004, 27116, 27148, 27156, 27228 Aeromodelling
27140, 27204 ,26968, 26976 Mountaineering
27220, 27244 Radio Communication Relating To Sports Events
27012, 27028, 27172, 27212 Communication Requirement In Rural Areas
27044
27052
Communication Relating To Road Accident/Emergencies:
Contacting Police
Contacting Hospitals/Ambulance
26980, 27236 Communication Needs On Highways
27092, 27100 Communication Requirements Of Wild Life/Forest Conservation
27060, 27068 Life Saving Communication In Coastal Water/Rivers/Lakes
27076, 27084 Natural Disaster Relief
27020, 27108 For Special Radio Controlled Devices (Garage Door Openers, Safety Alarm Etc.)
27155, 27225 Radio control of models
26988, 26996, 27132 27164, 27180, 27188,27196, 27252, 27268,27276 Spare Channels For Future Requirements
How we use CB

We use a standard manufactured transciever from President Electronics as the transmitter station. This ensures that we conform to the WPC regulations on radiating power etc.
For the receivers, we are currently working on perfecting a modification for cheaply available AM/FM radio sets, that can be implemented by local electronics tinkerers such as mobile shop owners etc
There is no transmitter on the reception end, so the power regulations do not need to be managed on a per receiver basis.

The deployment pattern that we envision is a low cost, Raspberry Pi based IVR server, linked to a CB Transmitter that conforms to norms, both powered by a low cost solar cell. This could become a very effective, sustainable community communication tool.

The incoming content could still be received over the mobile channel, but since it would be relatively less volumnious it would pose less of a drain on the system.
The cost of access for listeners would be a one time investment in a low cost modified receiver, which would typically cost about $3 with the modifications we are working on.
Amortized over the life of the server, the cost of access would be comparitively much lower than a pure mobile based approach.
Also with the expanded free listener base, there is a stronger chance of localized revenue generation becoming possible through the platform, helping contribute to sustainability
At the moment we are able to broadcast to a ~4-5 kilometer radius. The goal is to fine tune the circuit and the antenna we are using to be able to receive at as long a range as possible
Watch this space for more updates

 

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